Thursday, March 1, 2012

Ph.D - Doctor of Engineering

The Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng. or D.Engr. or Eng.D. or Dr.Eng. or Dr.-Ing.) is an academic degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and research in engineering or applied sciences. In most of the countries it is the terminal research doctorate degree in engineering or applied science.
In Germany the PhD Degree in Engineering is called Doktor Ingenieur (Dr.-Ing.) and is usually earned after four years of studying on a research project and completing a thesis. A student starting doctoral studies needs to hold a Master's Degree.

Doctoral programs in Germany generally take three to four years – up to five in engineering – to complete, strongly depending on the subject. There are usually no formal classes or lectures to attend, and the doctoral candidate (Doktorand/-in) mainly conducts independent research under the tutelage of a single professor or advisory committee.

博士(簡稱 Ph.D.),高級學銜之一,通常是學歷架構中最高級的學銜。擁有人一般在大學本科(學士)及/或研究院(碩士)畢業,再進行相當年數的研修後,撰畢論文並通過答辯,方獲發博士學位。
一般歐美國家的博士生在入讀課程至獲授博士銜期間,會經歷以下階段:

1. 完成指定的修課式課程,通常是研究方法論或有關學術範疇的研究院程度課程。
2. 部份教育機構會要求新入學的博士生在設定的年限內通過「資格考核」(Qualification Exam),通常為入學後 2-3 年內必需通過。
3. 撰寫論文/研究計劃書,並取得論文導師批准進行。
4. 開始進行研究並撰寫論文。此時,博士生可自稱為博士候選人(Doctoral Candidate)。
5. 呈交論文並通過論文答辯(Viva-voce),部份院校會要求先通過答辯再提交論文。已通過答辯但未提交論文的博士候選人可以在個人學術資格清單上寫上畢業學銜的簡稱加上 ABD(All But Dissertation,尚欠論文)一字,如 Ph.D. (ABD),表示自己將獲博士資歷。
6. 獲授博士。一般而言整個過程需要3至5年不等,視乎地區、學校及研究範疇。通常院校都會有提供生活費支援及宿舍,並會支助(全部或部份)研究所需費用,支援修讀博士學位的學生。

在歐美,日常生活中只有擁有博士學位者會特別被稱呼某博士,其它碩士、學士學歷的人並不會被特別稱呼為某碩士或某學士。

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